This study aims to examine the efficiency of Pakistani insurance companies that engaged in Takaful and those that engaged in regular insurance between 2006 and 2010. Evaluating technical, allocative, and cost-effectiveness is done using the Data Envelopment method. Due to the high level of allocative inefficiency, the results show that the insurance sector is inefficient. But when it comes to technical efficiency, there are rising tendencies. Results also demonstrate that Takaful businesses outperform more conventional insurance providers. The Malmquist productivity index clearly indicates that scale efficiency has greatly increased. However, we do not discover that technological advancements substantially boost total output. Particularly for Takaful companies, the research suggests that Pakistan's insurance industry give more creative and diverse coverage.

KEYWORDS: Insurance, DAE Model, Efficiency, Takaful Insurance, Conventional Insurance

New disruptive language models like Artificial Intelligence (AI), which can facilitate the development of unique ideas, are likely to have an impact on how businesses approach and manage innovation. Thus, it's essential to ascertain AI effect on innovation management to draw practical conclusions for research and practice. The objective of this research is three-fold: first, we discuss how AI is expected to affect innovation management practices and evaluated the literature; second, we tested a few assumptions related to AI influence on innovation management; and finally, we offer recommendations for the research avenues that need more attention from the researchers. In addition to giving researchers a basic grasp, we hope that this study will provide an improved understanding related to AI influence on innovation management.

KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Innovation Management, Innovation Processes, Research Directions

The study seeks to establish a connection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and job outcomes reflected in employees' happiness, creativity, and environmental performance in Pakistan's education sector while investigating Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) as a mediating role in creating the work environment. The study collected 399 data samples from the administrative staff of public and private educational institutes through a structured questionnaire survey strategy. The gathered data was analyzed by using the functionality of Smart PLS software. The findings of this study discover a direct and notable association between CSR initiatives and job-related outcomes, particularly in terms of employee happiness and creativity. The positive influences, in turn, contribute to an overall improvement in employee well-being and job satisfaction. Moreover, the research highlights the role of GHRM as a significant mediator, demonstrating that cooperation between CSR and GHRM can increase positive job-related outcomes. Theoretically, this study contributes to understanding how CSR actions extend beyond external perceptions and can affect internal stakeholders. It also adds to the growing body of knowledge around the interconnectedness of sustainable business practices, employee engagement, and organizational performance. The proposed mediating role of GHRM could offer insights into the mechanisms through which CSR practices translate into improved employee outcomes. This study holds significant implications for Pakistan's education sector organizations.

KEYWORDS: Corporate social responsibility, green HR management, employee happiness, creativity, environmental performance

Currently, teachers for employment in higher education institutions in Pakistan are selected as per eligibility criteria set by Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and on knowledge-based testing. This recruitment criterion seems incomplete as it only judges the academic attainments and academic competences of the candidates applying for faculty positions. However, in the selection of appropriate faculty, other job-related non-academic competencies of the candidates such as interpersonal skills, personality, communication / motivation skills must be assessed and should be given due weightage in the selection process. This study presents development process of the situational judgment test (SJT) comprised of 20 situations with multiple responses devised per situation, for assessment of non-academic competencies of the short-listed candidates for faculty induction at the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. This paper presents six such situations. To test the feasibility of the application and to measure the reaction of the candidates on the developed SJT, a pilot study was carried out on a convenient sample of 143 candidates prior to their appearance before the Selection Board of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro for appointments as Lecturers and Assistant Professors in different disciplines. Results of the pilot study were highly encouraging, since 31 selected candidates who performed well in the developed SJT were also found superior in academic attainments. The significant positive correlation at 73% was achieved after statistical test conducted through SPSS software. Of the selected candidates, 27 were male and 04 were female. Reactions of male and female candidates towards the contents and use of the SJT as a recruitment tool were greatly satisfactory. Considering the viability of application and positive reactions of the candidates towards the SJT developed in this study, it is recommended to be adopted as a tool for assessing the non-academic competencies of the candidates aspiring for faculty positions in higher education institutions in Pakistan.

KEYWORDS: Situational Judgment Test, Academic Competencies, Non-academic Competencies, Cognitive Capabilities, Personality, Communication / Motivation Skills

This research aims to investigate the impact of electronic human resource management (E-HRM) practices and organizational success from human resource practitioners’ perspective in IT sector of Pakistan with mediating effect of perceived usefulness (PU). New information technology-based management systems have emerged as a result of developments in information and communication technologies. Due to the accessibility of these management information systems, the Human Resources Management function is under intense pressure to develop a new E-HRM strategy and increase productivity, efficiency, and capacity to support strategic goals. HR practitioners can leverage this information to optimize their HR processes, improve employee satisfaction, foster innovation, and contribute to overall organizational performance. A quantitative research design was applied to study the relationship of E-HRM practices, perceived usefulness and organizational success. Convenience sampling method was used to collect data from HR professionals working in IT industry. Data was collected through online questionnaire and survey research strategy was applied. The findings showed significant mediating impact of perceived usefulness on relation of E-HRM practices and organizational success. HR practitioners should actively embrace technological advancements and integrate them into their HR processes. This includes adopting E HRM practices such as e-recruitment, e-training, e-performance management, and e communication. By leveraging technology effectively, organizations can streamline their HR operations, enhance communication and collaboration, and improve overall efficiency.

KEYWORDS: E-HRM practices, Perceived Usefulness, Organizational Success, Employee engagement, Effective communication

Many businesses are now more concerned about their employees and the environment around them as a result of the social paradigm we currently live in. The younger generations that have entered or are currently employed are likewise keenly conscious of these challenges. Considering this new reality, the initial objective of this research is to understand the relationship between the perceived corporate social responsibility (PCSR), Organization pride and find out if employees trust is mediator of this relationship. This study supports the notion that businesses must demonstrate their concern for their workforce, the environment, and the community in which they operate. It also demonstrates how crucial it is for employees and the organization to share similar values and viewpoints in order to increase talented employee retention. The sample included employees from services sector organizations who voluntarily participated in survey. This research collected data through questionnaire survey using a convenient sampling method with the respondents who are employees in services sector. The current study has major practical implications that managers should be aware of the psychology of their workforce in order to come up with smart management strategies. In the research, it is demonstrated that when employees see a company's CSR efforts, it will increase their sense of pride in the company, which will encourage positive employee behavior and boost production and firm operations efficiency. Second, managers recognize the crucial role that well-executed CSR plays in fostering a sense of loyalty among workers, who will come to regard the company as their own, so fostering dynamism, innovation, and productivity.

KEYWORDS: Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility, Organization Pride, Employee Trust

This paper explores the intricate relationship between environmental sustainability, organizational culture, human resource management (HRM) sustainability, and employee performance within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. Drawing on an extensive literature review, the study investigates how economic and political factors influence HRM sustainability and employee performance, mediated by organizational culture. The research adopts a cross-sectional design and employs social cognitive theory to elucidate behavior within Pakistani universities. Results indicate significant relationships between environmental sustainability, HRM sustainability, and employee performance, further moderated by organizational culture. The findings underscore the importance of integrating sustainable practices within HEIs to enhance organizational effectiveness and address societal challenges. Moreover, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and practitioners seeking to promote sustainability initiatives in higher education contexts. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed, emphasizing the need for comparative studies across diverse geographical zones to validate the proposed model. Overall, this research contributes to advancing knowledge on HRM sustainability and its implications for organizational behavior and performance in developing country contexts.

KEYWORDS: Sustainability, Higher Education Institutions, Organizational Culture, Human Resource Management, Employee Performance

This conceptual paper identifies the uniqueness of family businesses lies in their emphasis on socioemotional wealth (SEW), which sets them apart from non-family businesses. However, this unique focus can sometimes hinder the performance of family businesses because it may lead to decisions driven more by emotions than economic considerations. These emotionally-driven characteristics can have both positive and negative effects on performance. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, this research investigates the importance of certain attributes of family businesses, specifically 'family prominence, family enrichment, and family continuity,' which are components of SEW. We consider these attributes as organizational resources and examine how they influence performance with green innovativeness affects and developed some propositions. Our conceptualization, supported by the related literature, indicated that not all of these resources may have a positive impact on the performance of family businesses. Interestingly, green innovativeness plays a crucial role as a mediator in the relationships between these resources and performance outcomes. This study contributes to the field theoretically by recognizing SEW as a resource for family businesses using the RBV framework to assess the impact of SEW on family business’s performance and exploring the mediating role of green innovativeness.

KEYWORDS: Family Business, Social Capital Resources, Family Prominence, Family Enrichment and Family Continuity, RBV, Green Innovativeness

The meaning of an "organization" and its goals are not well intellectualized and many definitions and multiple meanings exists. The two most common fields in business education are management sciences and business administration. When it comes to decision-making and problem-solving, management science and business administration focus on any type of "organization." When business programs first begin, students have very little understanding of the definition, purpose, and elements of an "organization." The aim of this study research is to compile definitions and ideas pertaining to an "organization" for the benefit of students and other individuals who are interested. We completed the literature review using terms like "organization meaning," "organizational structure," "history of an organization," and "concepts of an organization," we searched published works and articles using Google Scholar. We explore the concepts of "organization is like a system," "human-made entities," "a group of people," "unifying framework," “integrated efforts” and "social entity" in relation to organizations. The findings are valuable for the students of management sciences and business administration disciplines. We suggested that future research concentrate on "green organization", "modern organization" “information-based organization” and “knowledgeable organization”.

KEYWORDS: Organization, organizational structure, history of an organization, concept of an organization

The paper under consideration reveals the connection between firm age, firm size, industry ownership, and return on assets in the fast-moving goods industry. Data comprised for the period between year 2011 and 2022 gathered from companies involved in this industry is executed with correlation and regression analysis. The result show that firm age, firm size and industry ownership appear to be the most significant factors influencing rate of return on assets. By unveiling the intricate patterns that determine financial results in such competitive companies the research results may be useful for making of strategic decisions and for increasing performance in the FMCG sector.

KEYWORDS: Firm Age, Firm Size, Industry Ownership, Return on Assets, Fast Moving Consumer Goods

This study investigates the dynamic interaction between celebrity endorsement, brand love and word of mouth within the competitive landscape of Pakistan’s telecommunication sector. Despite a challenging economic environment in Pakistan, this sector has experienced unprecedented growth with a record-breaking revenue of Rs. 694 billion in 2021-22 and substantial investment of USD 2,073 million. This study involved a sample of 290 respondents and data was gathered using a survey questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between celebrity endorsement and the development of brand love. Furthermore, the research establishes that brand love serves as a catalyst for word-of-mouth (WOM). This research offers a theoretical advancement by employing a tri-component attitude model in the domain of behavioral studies. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by extending the application of this model to a novel area, thereby enhancing our understanding of behavioral phenomena.

KEYWORDS: Celebrity Endorsement, Brand Love, WOM, Tri-component Attitude Model

Education is a systematic approach that enables individuals and adults to acquire knowledge, skills, and a healthy character. Living on campus is a true challenge for an undergraduate. In the direction of his routine and everyday life, he moves forward. College teaches males to be independent and self-reliant, take charge, learn from their surroundings, be social, work together, persevere through difficult times, and put in long hours. The objectives of the study were; to compare students' perceptions about academic motivation and quality of college life on the basis of class, department and to find out the relationship between academic motivation and quality college life. It was quantitative research study, having the population of college students in the district of Vehari. Sample of the study comprised 400 hundred college students. Statistical techniques of t-test and Pearson correlation be applied on the collected data. The study found that students from diverse majors have a common viewpoint, when asked to compare the importance of college life, students majoring in the arts and sciences had similar opinions, with no statistically significant difference. It is also found that compared with their scientific counterparts, students majoring in the arts tend to have stronger opinions regarding what drives them to succeed in school. Furthermore, the study also showed that correlation suggests a relatively favorable link between these variables, with a strength of 0.567. Students who have a positive outlook on college life are more likely to be highly motivated to succeed academically.

KEYWORDS: Academic motivation, Quality, College life

This study is aimed to investigate the impact of knowledge management of firm sustainability with the mediation of Fintech innovation. The data for this study is gathered from banking sector of Pakistan. Researchers employed convenience sampling to approach companies and their participants on the basis of accessibility and availability. The respondents of populations are current employees of banks and picked when fulfill the requirements such as easy accessibility, volunteer willingness & availability at certain time frame. The data is collected through structured questionnaire, all the items of scale are based on 5-point Likert scale to measure the response 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree. The 275 questionnaires were sending to bank and 260 were returned. The result indicates a strong relationship exists between effective knowledge management and the sustainability of a company. Furthermore, the findings indicated that there is significant mediating effect of financial innovation between knowledge management and firm sustainability. The implementation of KM in the context of technologies, including fintech Innovation, is likely to benefit the organizations and financial institutions such as banks to take steps in the path of development and profitable growth. As the results reveal, it is suggested that managers and decision-makers of banks active in the banking industry of Pakistan, officials should be appointed for strategies and knowledge activities and create specific positions to manage measures related to KM in the official structure of banks. Furthermore, it is suggested to increase the efficiency of the organization's financial performance, maintaining the business sustainability and improve the services provided by banks

KEYWORDS: Knowledge Management, Firm Sustainability, Fintech innovation, Banking sector

Earnings’ growth leads to the payment of dividends and a steadier and less risky growth results in interim dividends. The study explores the earning growth influence and interim dividend on the stock prices within Pakistan Stock Exchange, KSE-30 index specifically. This unique aspect focusses on the Pakistan market, contributing to the novelty how growth earnings and interim dividends influences stock prices. Methodologically, this study used panel data analysis to ensure the strength of model. Considering the nature of this causal research, secondary data was used. Quarterly data of the companies in the KSE-30 Index was collected from PSX Data Portal. This study highlighted the impact of two company fundamentals on stock prices, providing the investors to keep an eye on them. Panel data analysis was made and all diagnostics, including the tests for normality, linearity, multicollinearity, auto regression, and heteroskedasticity has applied before applying the model. The model has selected by applying the LM test and then Hausman’s test with the findings of the other researchers to establish validity. This study highlights the main factors in shaping the behavior of stock market and sentiments of investors and contributing a deep understanding of market strategic investment approach and dynamics. The implication of the study covers the range of academic disclosure and giving actionable insight of navigating investor in Pakistan Stock Exchange by highlighting the vital role of monitoring earnings with interim dividends, how investors are equipped with the tools of informed decision.

KEYWORDS: Pakistan Stock exchange-PSX, KSE-30 Index, Earnings Growth, Interim Dividends

Market efficiency plays a critical role in the success of investment decisions made by individual and institutional investors. Pakistan Stock Exchange is a modern market with several characteristics of a developed market. Considering the significance of EMH for investors and other stakeholders, this study aims to test the weak form of EMH in the Pakistan stock exchange using daily data for 2018-2023. This study employs unit root test, autocorrelation, and run test to test the efficient market hypothesis. The study's findings indicate that index returns do not follow a random walk; therefore, PSX for the selected period is inefficient. Based on the study's findings, it can be inferred that returns at PSX are predictable based on historical information. The study has implications for various stakeholders.

KEYWORDS: Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Weak Form of EMH, Random Walk Theory, Unit Root, Stationarity, Abnormal Returns

To investigate the road rage behavior and problems of auto rickshaw drivers an open ended questionnaire survey was conducted on 25 auto rickshaw drivers, 13 passengers and public relation officer of city traffic office, Lahore through face-to-face interviews. The study concludes that wrong driving, situational factors, and disrespect of auto rickshaw drivers are the major causes of road rage behavior. Majority of auto rickshaw drivers are illiterate; fall in the 15-20 years age group; run self-owned rickshaw; 09 to 16 hours daily; suffering from body pain, backache, hand pain, and skin problems in addition to hearing loss; unable to meet daily expenditure; but intend to continue this profession. Both passengers and traffic police are unhappy with them. The study recommends that government should organize special training courses for auto rickshaw drivers and improve transport system and economic indicators to help students to complete their education instead of becoming rickshaw drivers.

KEYWORDS: Auto rickshaw drivers, Road rage behavior, Problems of auto rickshaw drivers

Digital technology has been instrumental in reducing carbon emissions and reducing the consequences of climate change. The broad use of digital technology has reduced carbon emissions while also improving the efficiency with which energy and other resources are used. This paper examines the influence of digital finance on carbon emissions and the impact mechanism using data from the Chinese provincial panel collected between 2015 and 2023. These results show the potential advantages of integrating inclusive financing with digital technology to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions have decreased because of digital finance's promotion of the development of ecologically friendly technology. Additionally, digital finance targets credit resources towards environmentally friendly businesses, improving the efficiency of green credit allocation and reducing emissions even more. This study considers each province's market environment and energy endowment, and it concludes that regions with strong local financial oversight, high environmental inclinations, and ample energy endowments benefit more from the carbon emission reduction impact of digital banking.

KEYWORDS: Digital Finance, sustainable Development, Developing economy

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of HR practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Employee Engagement (EE) in the banking sector of Gujranwala. It introduces Psychological Empowerment as a mediating factor, an unexplored combination in prior research. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data for this study were collected through 500 questionnaires distributed to individual banking employees in Gujranwala. A total of 450 responses were received and analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among HR practices, Psychological Empowerment, OCB, and EE. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed to reveal the direct impact of HR practices on OCB and EE, with Psychological Empowerment as a mediator. Findings: The results confirm significant relationships among HR practices, Psychological Empowerment, OCB, and EE. The regression analysis unveiled HR practices' direct impact on OCB and EE, while Psychological Empowerment emerged as a significant mediator, altering the results significantly for banking employees. Psychological Empowerment was found to be a partially significant mediator in HR OCB, HR-EE, HR-PE, HR-PE-OCB, and HR-PE-EE relationships. Originality/Value: This study makes a distinct contribution by offering a holistic examination of HR practices, Psychological Empowerment, OCB, and EE dynamics in Gujranwala's banking sector. It sheds light on the interplay between these factors, providing valuable insights for both academia and practitioners in the field of human resource management.

KEYWORDS: Human Resource Practices (HRP), Psychological Empowerment (PE), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Employee Engagement (EE)

Approximately one-third of the world food is wasted annually. Food waste is causing drastic economic, social, and environmental damages. Though the young consumers are now more concerned about the consequences of food waste leading to momentous changes in their behavior. This study helps to identify the factors contributing to the reduction of food waste by integrating TIB with the IMB skills model. This research also helps in validating the measuring food waste reduction behavior parsimoniously as a higher order construct consisting of 3R’s i.e., reduce, reuse and recycle. Quantitative data was collected from 385 university students of Pakistan through an online survey. Smart PLS 4 was used to analyze the measurement and structural model. The results of this study indicate that information, habits and intention play a significant role in the reducing of food waste whereas, motivation facilitating conditions and behavioral skills does not play a significant role in food waste reduction. This study also validates that food waste reduction behavior can be used as a high order construct of 3Rs. Based on this research improvements can be made in the universities and food waste management policies can be made to facilitate the university students.

KEYWORDS: Theory of Interpersonal Behavior, Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model, Young Consumers, Food Waste Reduction.