The main theme of this study is to find out the effectiveness of training and development on positive career attitude and job outcnumberome as the training and development is the only independent variable in this study as the other two variables are dependent variables which are positive career attitude and job outcome. A total number of 12 manufacturing companies are selected to collect from them as the manufacturing sector are selected to collect and complete the research. Total number of 120 respondents’ data are collected by the research survey questionnaire and the impact and the effectiveness are also identified on the basis of these 120 respondents. SPSS 25 is used to analyze the data and to perform the correlation and regression analysis

KEYWORDS: Training and development, positive career attitude, job outcome

In contemporary times, workplace bullying of female healthcare workers has become a pressing issue that is difficult to control and is affecting organizations worldwide. This study aims to explore the association between workplace bullying as a social stressor and three dimensions of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance stress - among female nurses and doctors working in public and private sector hospitals in Pakistan. Additionally, the research investigates the moderating impact of instrumental climate on this relationship. The study collected data from 300 female healthcare workers in hospitals across Pakistan and utilized Hierarchal Regression Analysis to analyze the findings. The results indicate that workplace bullying significantly and positively correlates with PTSD dimensions (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal) among female healthcare workers. Furthermore, the study found that instrumental climate moderates this relationship. The research contributes to the field by addressing a gap in the literature and exploring workplace bullying and PTSD's relationship in female healthcare workers while considering the unfavorable climate known as instrumental climate.

KEYWORDS: Workplace Bullying; Instrumental Climate; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Intrusion Stress, Avoidance Stress, Hyper-arousal Stress

This study investigates about the significance of exports of specialty product/s as a factor affecting the level of GDP per capita growth. Specialty exports have three categories namely ‘Low Technology Manufacturing Specialty products’, High Technology Knowledge Intensive products and Natural Specialty Products. Impact of Specialty exports on GDP per capita growth is analyzed using three panels from 1983 to 2017; first panel is of all the developing countries of the world, then two panels of all developed countries a)- Panel II of developed countries having major export share of knowledge intensive Specialty Product, b)- Panel III of developed countries having major export share of some Natural Specialty Products like metals and metallic ores, crude oil, vegetables, fruits, Gems, petroleum and petroleum products. Then the results of all three panels are compared for policy recommendations.

KEYWORDS: Specialty Product, Knowledge Intensive Products

Since the outspread of the pandemic, COVID-19is the most researched topic. The impact of various dimensions of this pandemic on the stock exchanges and their performance is still far from complete. Furthermore, knowledge about the effects of COVID-19 on emerging markets of different continents is still lacking. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of stock markets of the emerging economies of the world. With this reference the stock markets of North and South Americas, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil are analyzed; these were the most affected emerging markets of America due to COVID-19. The independent variable is operationalized in terms of active cases, the number of deaths, and total vaccinated persons. Stock market indices, returns, volatility, and uncertainty are taken as performance measures. The result shows a significant effect of all the dimensions of COVID-19 on the stock market; however, the impact is different for each market, which is discussed in detail in the results section. This study will assist in assessing the trend of the stock market in any future pandemic or disaster and making profitable investments.

KEYWORDS: COVID-19 active cases, number of deaths, total vaccinated, stock market indices, returns, volatility, and uncertainty

In the current era due to the availability of digital facility, the educators are deviated more towards online sources. University teachers are highly tilted towards online assessments and activities by using the software provided by the book sellers. This trajectory has eliminated the power of critical thinking among the faculty of higher education institutes. The priorities of the students and academicians are different and that are even different from the priorities of the top management of the universities. The reviewed literature has shown a significant failure of critical thinking and limit the capacity to think critically to certain boundaries or contexts. Therefore, this qualitative study is focused towards understanding the current state of critical thinking as per the academicians and the students in the developing countries like Pakistan. For the said purpose qualitative study has been conducted in the universities that are operating in Islamabad Pakistan and the data has been collected though the open-ended questionnaires containing six questions for faculty and four questions for the students. Voluntary participation was done, and the respondents were kept anonymous. The findings revealed that the perspective of the students and the faculty is slightly different however the understanding of both regarding critical thinking is somewhat similar. The students are more decimated towards outcomes whereas, faculty is more deviated towards teaching methodology. The findings are significant especially for the academicians in understanding that students’ interest can be gained by developing assessments that are related to critical thinking. The findings are also important for the top management as well as the policy makers to develop policies for the education that should be supportive of critical thinking..

KEYWORDS: Critical thinking, academicians, students, learning

The development of small and medium-sized industries (SMEs) and special economic zones (SEZs) is an effective strategy for stimulating trade, employment, and economic development in a county. The government has taken the lead in promoting these two, and it has been observed that the government has contributed significantly to Pakistan's economic modernization. To this end, the focus of this review study is to highlight the government's footprint in upgrading SMEs and SEZs in order to boost the economy, since both of these sectors provide a large number of jobs, tax income, and foreign exchange, all of which are essential to the economic sustainability. It is observed that the annual SMEs output to GDP ratio in Pakistan from 1990 to 2019 was 0.206 %, which is not encouraging. The principal reason for this low contribution is Pakistan's lack of adequate financial facilities for SMEs, with only 175 financial institutions serving the majority of the country's 3.8 million SMEs. Furthermore, SEZs' effectiveness is hampered by a lack of infrastructure, electrical shortages, and their remote location. Thus, the study suggests that there is a need to enhance ICT adoption, skills, product market, labor market, and financial health in order to build sustainable economic growth. The establishment of industrial estates and SEZs based on ease of doing business and open investment opportunities for anyone will be a more effective method for correcting Pakistan's economic development.

KEYWORDS: Small and medium-sized industries, special economic zones, sustainable development, Pakistan.